V-Speed Reference Calculator
Calculate weight-adjusted V-speeds and view reference information.
V-Speed Definitions
| Speed | Definition |
|---|---|
| VS0 | Stall speed landing configuration |
| VS1 | Stall speed clean configuration |
| VR | Rotation speed |
| VX | Best angle of climb speed |
| VY | Best rate of climb speed |
| VA | Design maneuvering speed |
| VMC | Minimum control speed (multi) |
| VYSE | Best single-engine ROC |
V-Speed Weight Adjustments
Weight Effect on V-Speeds
Most V-speeds vary with the square root of the weight ratio. At lighter weights, stall speeds and associated speeds decrease.
Formula: V2 = V1 x sqrt(W2 / W1)
Fixed V-Speeds
Some V-speeds are fixed and don't change with weight: VNE (never exceed), VNO (max structural cruising), VMC (typically varies with density altitude, not weight).
Important Relationships
- VR is typically 1.05-1.1 x VS1 (with takeoff flaps)
- VX is typically 1.1-1.2 x VS1
- VY is typically 1.2-1.3 x VS1
- VA varies with weight per sqrt ratio
- VREF is 1.3 x VS0 (landing configuration)