Vref (Approach Speed) Calculator

Estimate approach speed based on weight for safe landings.

From POH for full flaps landing configuration
Add half of gust increment (steady to gust)

Vref Adjustment Formula

Vref(adjusted) = Vref(max) x sqrt(Actual Weight / Max Weight)

Stall speed and approach speed vary with the square root of weight ratio.

Gust Factor

Standard practice: Add half the gust increment to Vref.

Example: Wind 15G25 = 10 kt gust increment. Add 5 kt to Vref.